The design of various transformer accessories centers on the fundamental requirement of stable equipment operation, adhering to principles of operational suitability and the protection of core components. Accessories related to sealing, oil storage, and breathing are designed based on the principles of thermal expansion and contraction of transformer oil and the balancing of internal and external air pressure. As the transformer experiences load fluctuations and temperature changes, the volume of the internal insulating oil expands and contracts; the oil conservator effectively compensates for these volume changes, preventing the buildup of negative or excessive positive pressure within the tank. When paired with breathers and sealing components, the system balances internal and external pressures and filters moisture and impurities from the air while maintaining a hermetic seal on the equipment chamber. This prevents moisture-induced degradation of the insulating oil and corrosion of the internal core and windings, ensuring the internal operating environment consistently meets required standards.
Heat dissipation and cooling accessories are designed in strict accordance with the physical laws of heat conduction and dissipation, addressing the critical issue of heat generation during operation. During transformer operation, the core and windings continuously generate heat; if this heat accumulates without dissipation, it accelerates insulation aging and degrades equipment performance. Components such as radiators, cooling fans, and cooling oil pipes utilize the principle of oil-flow heat dissipation, directing high-temperature insulating oil through cooling structures to transfer internal heat to the external environment via natural or forced air cooling. The entire cooling system is tailored to the transformer's capacity and load conditions, enabling precise control of operating temperatures, preventing failures caused by overheating or overload, and ensuring long-term, continuous operation.
Protection and monitoring/control accessories are designed with safety and fault early warning as their core logic, operating based on the monitoring of electrical parameters and mechanical protection principles. Protective components-such as temperature controllers, gas relays (Buchholz relays), and pressure relief valves-are designed to address specific risks, including abnormal temperatures, gas generation from internal faults, and excessive pressure. In the event of faults such as overload, short circuits, or internal insulation breakdown, these components detect real-time changes in temperature, air pressure, and gas concentration, rapidly triggering alarms or tripping mechanisms to isolate the fault source. Furthermore, the parameters of monitoring and control accessories align with operational standards for transformers of varying voltages and capacities, balancing safety and stability while minimizing equipment damage and power supply risks associated with faults.
